| Pack Size | Single Vial, 10-Pack |
|---|
NAD+ is a coenzyme molecule. NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a small-molecule coenzyme central to cellular energy metabolism. It comprises two nucleotides — nicotinamide and adenine — joined by a pair of phosphate groups, forming a dinucleotide structure. The compound has been studied across multiple research streams covering its mechanism, biological-activity profile, and translational-research framings. Every Ronin batch is independently verified by Janoshik Analytical using HPLC for purity and mass spectrometry for identity, with the minimum acceptance threshold set at 99 percent purity by HPLC. Supplied as a lyophilized powder in a sealed glass vial, 1000 mg per vial. For laboratory research use only — not for human or veterinary use.
Description
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a small-molecule coenzyme central to cellular energy metabolism. It comprises two nucleotides — nicotinamide and adenine — joined by a pair of phosphate groups, forming a dinucleotide structure.
NAD+ functions as a hydride acceptor in oxidation-reduction reactions across central carbon metabolism (glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, fatty-acid β-oxidation), getting reduced to NADH which then donates the hydride to electron-transport-chain complex I. Beyond its classical redox role, NAD+ serves as a substrate for sirtuin deacylases, PARP DNA-repair enzymes, and CD38 NAD-glycohydrolase — three enzyme families whose activities deplete the NAD+ pool and link cellular NAD+ availability to ageing-related research framings.
The compound is supplied as a lyophilized white-to-off-white powder in a sealed amber-glass vial under inert gas. Each vial contains 1000 mg of compound. Reconstitution with bacteriostatic water is required before the compound can be drawn into an insulin syringe. Researchers planning bench preparations should review the Reconstitution accordion below for mechanics.
NAD+ has been characterised across an expanding research literature spanning Aging research (declining NAD+ levels with chronological age), mitochondrial function research, DNA-repair pathway research (PARP), sirtuin pathway research, and metabolic-disease research (diabetes, fatty liver disease).
The 2012 Cantó paper in Cell Metabolism characterised that NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside enhanced oxidative metabolism and protected against high-fat-diet-induced obesity (PMID 22682224). The 2018 Yoshino review in Cell Metabolism compiled the broader NAD+ intermediates research framework, covering nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) precursor work (PMID 29249689). The 2021 Chini review in Cell Metabolism compiled evolving concepts in NAD+ metabolism (PMID 33930322). The 2023 Alegre review in Current Nutrition Reports covered the dietary contribution of NAD+ precursors (PMID 37273100).
Across the literature the compound appears under several alternate identifiers: NAD+; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; β-NAD+; coenzyme I; diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN). The CAS registry number 53-84-9 anchors the canonical chemical identifier.
No regulatory authority — Health Canada, the FDA, the EMA, the TGA, or any equivalent — has cleared NAD+ for therapeutic use in humans or animals. The compound has not progressed through a drug-approval pathway in any major jurisdiction. Ronin Peptides ships the compound exclusively as a research-grade reagent for benchwork. Dosing protocols, treatment regimens, and administration instructions are out of scope and not provided in any form.
Mechanism in research literature
NAD+ functions as a hydride acceptor in oxidation-reduction reactions across central carbon metabolism (glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, fatty-acid β-oxidation), getting reduced to NADH which then donates the hydride to electron-transport-chain complex I. Beyond its classical redox role, NAD+ serves as a substrate for sirtuin deacylases, PARP DNA-repair enzymes, and CD38 NAD-glycohydrolase — three enzyme families whose activities deplete the NAD+ pool and link cellular NAD+ availability to ageing-related research framings.
The 2012 Cantó paper in Cell Metabolism characterised that NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside enhanced oxidative metabolism and protected against high-fat-diet-induced obesity (PMID 22682224). The 2018 Yoshino review in Cell Metabolism compiled the broader NAD+ intermediates research framework, covering nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) precursor work (PMID 29249689). The 2021 Chini review in Cell Metabolism compiled evolving concepts in NAD+ metabolism (PMID 33930322). The 2023 Alegre review in Current Nutrition Reports covered the dietary contribution of NAD+ precursors (PMID 37273100).
Multiple groups have studied, examined, and characterised the compound across in vitro, ex vivo, and animal-model preparations. The mechanism research has produced both basic-science findings on the molecular targets and translational-research observations in disease-model systems. The 2026 broader peptide-therapy reviews (PMID 41966639) place this compound class in the wider research-context of unapproved compounds under active investigation.
Researchers planning new work should consult the most current literature on this compound class to position findings against the broader mechanism-niche framework. Independent groups have observed consistent patterns across the published research record, providing cross-laboratory replication for the core mechanism findings documented in the foundational papers cited above.
Recent broader peptide-therapy reviews compile contemporary research framings around the broader compound class within which this molecule sits. The 2026 Sports Medicine and JAAOS Global Research and Reviews papers (PMID 41966639, PMID 41490200) place multiple compounds — including this one — into the wider research context of unapproved compounds under active investigation, with attention to both the mechanism findings and the regulatory framing that researchers consulting these reviews should weigh equally.
Studied properties
The published research record on NAD+ spans multiple decades. Most of this corpus consists of cell-culture and rodent-model investigations. The foundational mechanism work has been complemented by translational-research investigations in disease-model systems and by recent contemporary reviews compiling the broader research framework.
The 2012 Cantó paper in Cell Metabolism characterised that NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside enhanced oxidative metabolism and protected against high-fat-diet-induced obesity (PMID 22682224). The 2018 Yoshino review in Cell Metabolism compiled the broader NAD+ intermediates research framework, covering nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) precursor work (PMID 29249689). The 2021 Chini review in Cell Metabolism compiled evolving concepts in NAD+ metabolism (PMID 33930322). The 2023 Alegre review in Current Nutrition Reports covered the dietary contribution of NAD+ precursors (PMID 37273100).
Independent replication of the foundational findings across multiple research groups provides cross-laboratory credibility for the core mechanism observations. The pattern of consistent findings across in vitro, ex vivo, and animal-model contexts has shaped the contemporary research-context framing for the compound.
Translation to human clinical application has been narrower than the breadth of the preclinical literature would suggest. The contemporary research framing places the compound in a research-supply position rather than a clinical-development position. Researchers consulting recent reviews (PMID 41966639) should attend to the regulatory framing as much as the mechanism framing.
Recent literature has expanded the application bracket through novel research streams. Investigators have studied the compound in combination with other research molecules, in biomaterial-integrated delivery formats, and in cell-type-specific contexts that broaden the mechanism understanding documented in foundational papers. The expansion-era literature continues to add depth to the compound's research profile.
Cross-stream research framings have continued to expand the application bracket through novel investigation contexts. Investigators have studied the compound across cell-type-specific exposures, biomaterial-integrated delivery formats, and combination protocols with adjacent research compounds. The cumulative literature represents an active expansion-era research stream where new findings appear regularly across the international peer-reviewed publication record. Researchers consulting recent reviews should attend to both the foundational mechanism papers cited in the references and the contemporary expansion-era publications that document ongoing methodological refinements and emerging research applications.
The published research record is broadly accessible through major scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with PMID identifiers cited inline throughout this page providing direct access to the foundational literature. Researchers planning new experimental work should consult the most recent literature beyond the citations provided here, since the research record continues to expand and the contemporary research-context framing benefits from inclusion of the most current findings. Independent groups have characterised the compound across overlapping research model systems, providing cross-laboratory replication for the core observations documented in the foundational papers.
Compound specifications
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| Common name | NAD+ |
| Alternate names | NAD+; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; β-NAD+; coenzyme I; diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN) |
| Class | Pyridine-nucleotide coenzyme (not a peptide) |
| Molecular formula | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| Molecular weight | 663.43 g/mol |
| CAS number | 53-84-9 |
| Form | Lyophilized white-to-off-white powder |
| Solubility | Bacteriostatic water; sterile water for injection |
| Vial contents | 1000 mg, sealed amber-glass vial under inert gas |
| Purity | ≥99% by HPLC (verified per batch by Janoshik Analytical) |
Storage and handling
Unopened lyophilized vials hold up well under dry ambient storage; usable activity persists for several weeks even without refrigeration. Refrigeration at 2–8 °C is appropriate once the working timeline extends past a month. A standard freezer at −20 °C handles archival storage; ultra-low storage at −80 °C is rarely needed for typical bench-research timescales.
Keep vials shielded from light, ideally in their original outer packaging. Repeated temperature cycling accelerates degradation noticeably more than steady storage at any single temperature inside the recommended bands.
After reconstitution, refrigerate the solution at 2–8 °C without delay. The typical working window for a reconstituted preparation is four to six weeks at fridge temperature. The 0.9% benzyl alcohol in bacteriostatic water suppresses microbial growth but does not arrest hydrolysis, oxidation, or aggregation processes accumulating in any aqueous compound solution over time.
When a research timeline extends past six weeks, common practice is splitting the reconstituted solution into single-use volumes and freezing them at −20 °C immediately. Ice-crystal formation during each freeze-thaw cycle inflicts mechanical damage on molecular structure, and pre-splitting eliminates the cumulative loss that comes from thawing one vial multiple times. Thaw individual aliquots overnight in a refrigerator — never at room temperature.
The reconstituted product should be visually clear and colourless. Discard any vial showing turbidity, suspended particulate, yellowing, or visible precipitate. The diluent of choice is USP-grade bacteriostatic water containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol — see the bacteriostatic water product page for reconstitution-grade water.
Compare with similar compounds
| Compound | Primary research area | Documented mechanism (preclinical) | Format at Ronin |
|---|---|---|---|
| NAD+ | Aging; mitochondrial function | Coenzyme; sirtuin/PARP/CD38 substrate | 500 mg vial · 1000 mg vial (this page) |
| MOTS-c | Metabolic regulation | AMPK pathway activation | 10 mg vial |
| Epitalon | Aging; pineal-axis research | Telomerase activation | 10 mg vial |
| 5-Amino-1MQ | Metabolic; NNMT inhibition | NNMT enzyme inhibition | 10 mg vial |
NAD+ sits within Ronin's anti-aging compound category, alongside related compounds in the catalog. Researchers exploring related research areas often examine NAD+ in combination with other compounds in the same mechanism niche, or comparatively against compounds that engage adjacent pathways.
Reconstitution and laboratory handling
A 1000 mg vial reconstituted with 5 mL of bacteriostatic water yields 200 mg/mL — a concentrated stock that suits protocols using small injection volumes or research workflows where having more compound per vial reduces reconstitution frequency. Alternative dilutions: 10 mL gives 100 mg/mL (matching the 500 mg vial reconstituted at the standard 5 mL ratio); 20 mL gives 50 mg/mL. The unusually high vial loading (1000 mg vs typical 10 mg peptide vials) reflects NAD+'s small-molecule status and the higher dose ranges used in NAD+ research compared with peptide compounds.
Reconstitution procedure:
- Bring both vials — compound and bacteriostatic water — to room temperature before opening.
- Sanitise both rubber stoppers with an alcohol swab.
- Pull the chosen diluent volume into a sterile transfer syringe.
- Direct the water against the inner wall of the vial as it is injected — never onto the lyophilized cake, since direct impact foams the solution and denatures compound at the air-water interface.
- Invert slowly or swirl gently until everything dissolves. Do not vortex; do not shake.
- Refrigerate at 2–8 °C the moment reconstitution completes.
A finished preparation should be visually transparent with no suspended particulate. If the solution is hazy or contains visible material, treat it as degraded or contaminated and discard.
For dose-volume calculations on insulin syringes, use the Ronin reconstitution calculator.
In published preclinical research, NAD+ has been administered across multiple model systems with varying routes documented in the literature (PMID 22682224, PMID 29249689, PMID 33930322, PMID 37273100). These figures are research-reference only — Ronin Peptides does not provide dosing recommendations or administration instructions for any non-laboratory purpose.
Frequently asked questions
What is NAD+?
NAD+ is a coenzyme molecule. NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a small-molecule coenzyme central to cellular energy metabolism. It comprises two nucleotides — nicotinamide and adenine — joined by a pair of phosphate groups, forming a dinucleotide structure. The compound has been characterised across multiple research streams covering Aging research (declining NAD+ levels with chronological age), mitochondrial function research, DNA-repair pathway research (PARP), sirtuin pathway research, and metabolic-disease research (diabetes, fatty liver disease). Ronin supplies the compound as a lyophilized vial reconstituted with bacteriostatic water at the bench. Sale is limited to laboratory research applications; human and veterinary use are excluded.
What is the regulatory status?
No regulatory body — Health Canada, the FDA, the EMA, the TGA, or any equivalent — has approved NAD+ as a drug for human or veterinary use. The compound has not progressed through a drug-approval pathway in any major jurisdiction.
The compound is not listed as a scheduled controlled substance under the international drug-control conventions or under the major national scheduling systems. It sits within the regulatory layer covering laboratory reagents and research chemicals.
Ronin Peptides supplies the compound as a research-grade reagent for laboratory and bench-research applications. Buyers operate under their own jurisdictional laws and any applicable institutional review protocols when handling the compound — Ronin Peptides assumes no oversight of downstream lab practice.
How is NAD+ verified?
Each batch passes through Janoshik Analytical — an independent peptide-analytics lab — for HPLC purity quantification and MS identity confirmation, with the minimum acceptance threshold set at 99 percent purity by HPLC. Every Janoshik COA includes a verification key that resolves at janoshik.com. To pull the COA covering the batch on your order, email support@roninpeptides.ca from the address used at checkout, with your order number; the typical reply turnaround is well under 24 hours.
How is NAD+ reconstituted?
A 1000 mg vial reconstituted with 5 mL of bacteriostatic water yields 200 mg/mL — a concentrated stock that suits protocols using small injection volumes or research workflows where having more compound per vial reduces reconstitution frequency. Alternative dilutions: 10 mL gives 100 mg/mL (matching the 500 mg vial reconstituted at the standard 5 mL ratio); 20 mL gives 50 mg/mL. The unusually high vial loading (1000 mg vs typical 10 mg peptide vials) reflects NAD+'s small-molecule status and the higher dose ranges used in NAD+ research compared with peptide compounds. Inject the water against the inside wall of the vial — never directly onto the lyophilized powder, which causes foaming and surface denaturation. Swirl gently or invert slowly until fully dissolved (typically 30–60 seconds). Refrigerate at 2–8 °C immediately. Use the Ronin reconstitution calculator for non-standard volumes.
How do I receive the COA for my batch?
Email support@roninpeptides.ca from the email address used at checkout, with your order number (e.g., RP-CA-1234) and the compound name. We reply within 24 hours — typically the same business day — with the COA PDF attached. The COA includes the Janoshik verification key, which you can check independently at janoshik.com to confirm the test results match what the laboratory ran on your specific batch. COAs are not published publicly to protect supply-chain privacy and prevent competitor scraping.
References
- Cantó C et al. The NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide riboside enhances oxidative metabolism. Cell Metab. 2012. PMID: 22682224 | doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.04.022
- Yoshino J et al. NAD(+) Intermediates: The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of NMN and NR. Cell Metab. 2018. PMID: 29249689 | doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.002
- Chini CCS et al. Evolving concepts in NAD(+) metabolism. Cell Metab. 2021. PMID: 33930322 | doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.003
- Alegre GFS et al. NAD+ Precursors NMN and NR: Potential Dietary Contribution. Curr Nutr Rep. 2023. PMID: 37273100 | doi:10.1007/s13668-023-00475-y
- Reiten OK et al. Therapeutic potential of boosting NAD+ in aging and age-related diseases. Mech Ageing Dev. 2021. PMID: 37068054 | doi:10.1016/j.mad.2021.111567
- Mendias CL et al. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries. Sports Med. 2026. PMID: 41966639 | doi:10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0
